Why are Buddhist monks and nuns celibate?

Why are Buddhist monks and nuns celibate?

Buddhist monks and nuns follow the Vinaya, a set of rules that govern their behavior and way of life. One of the key rules in the Vinaya is the requirement for celibacy, which means abstaining from sexual activity. 

This rule applies to both male and female monastics.

The practice of celibacy in Buddhism is based on the belief that sexual desire and attachment can be a distraction from the spiritual path. By renouncing sexual activity, monks and nuns can focus their energy and attention on their practice of meditation, study, and other spiritual activities. This can help them to develop greater concentration, mindfulness, and insight, and to progress more quickly along the path towards enlightenment.

In the Kama Sutta (Sutta Nipata 4.1) the Buddha explains that craving sexual pleasure is a cause of suffering.

"If one, longing for sensual pleasure, achieves it, yes, he's enraptured at heart. The mortal gets what he wants. But if for that person — longing, desiring — the pleasures diminish, he's shattered, as if shot with an arrow."

Celibacy is also seen as a way to avoid the complications and difficulties that can arise from romantic and sexual relationships. Monks and nuns are committed to living a simple and austere life, free from worldly distractions and attachments. By avoiding sexual activity, they are able to maintain their commitment to their spiritual practice and to the community of fellow monastics.

In the same sutta, the Buddha then goes on to say:

"So one, always mindful, should avoid sensual desires. Letting them go, he will cross over the flood like one who, having bailed out the boat, has reached the far shore".

It is important to note that celibacy is a personal choice and is not required for lay Buddhists or for those practicing Buddhism in other forms. It is a part of the monastic tradition, which is a specific path within Buddhism that requires a higher level of commitment and discipline.

3 May 2023